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Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example ( $x = 8; ) Result
+ Addition $x + 2; 10
- Subtraction $x - 2; 6
* Multiplication $x * 2; 16
/ Division $x / 2; 4
% Modulus (integer remainder after division) $x % 2;
$x % 5;
2
3
++ Increment $x++; $x = 9
-- Decrement $x--; $x = 7

Assignment Operators

Operator Example Like Saying
= $x = $y; $x = $y;
+= $x += $y; $x = $x + $y;
-= $x -= $y; $x = $x - $y;
*= $x *= $y; $x = $x * $y;
/= $x /= $y; $x = $x / $y;
%= $x %= $y; $x = x % $y;

Comparison Operators

Operator Description Example ( $x = 5; )
== is equal to ( $x == 8 ) returns FALSE
!= is not equal ( $x != 8 ) returns TRUE
> is greater than ( $x > 8 ) returns FALSE
< is less than ( $x < 8 ) returns TRUE
>= is greater than or equal to ( $x >= 8 ) returns FALSE
<= is less than or equal to ( $x <= 8 ) returns TRUE

Logical Operators

Operator Description Example ( $x = 7; $y = 4; )
&& and ( $x < 10 && $y > 1 ) returns TRUE
|| or ( $x == 5 || $y == 5 ) returns FALSE
! not !( $x == $y ) returns TRUE

Concatenation Operators

Operator Description Example ( $a = "Hello "; $b = "World"; )
. join print( $a . $b ); // prints "Hello World"
.= append $a .= $b; // $a now equals "Hello World"